Q. Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India.

Model Answer:

Recognized as “Shree Anna” (IYOM 2023), millets are climate-resilient nutri-cereals critical for addressing India’s dual burden of malnutrition and lifestyle diseases.

1. Role in Nutritional Security (Combating Malnutrition)

• Combating Anaemia: High iron and folic acid mitigate severe anaemia, which currently affects 57% of Indian women (NFHS-5, Bajra).
• Bone Health: Exceptional calcium levels support pediatric bone development and prevent osteoporosis (Ragi contains 344mg/100g).
• Protein Adequacy: Rich in essential amino acids, directly tackling protein-energy malnutrition and hidden hunger (Jowar, Foxtail).
• Dietary Diversity: Democratizing micronutrient access for vulnerable groups via integration into PM-POSHAN and the PDS.

2. Role in Health Security (Mitigating Lifestyle Diseases)

• Diabetes Control: A low glycemic index (GI) prevents sudden blood sugar spikes, essential for India’s diabetic population.
• Heart Health: Abundant dietary fiber reduces bad cholesterol (LDL) and fosters a healthy gut microbiome.
• Gluten-Free Diet: Inherently gluten-free, providing safe, nutritious staples for those with celiac disease or gluten intolerance.
• Cellular Immunity: Rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, which reduce oxidative stress and boost systemic immunity.

Mainstreaming millets through decentralized processing and consumer awareness is vital to elevate India from basic food security to holistic, sustainable nutritional security.