Q. Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.

Model Answer: 

India’s Changing Climate Policy: Clean Energy and Geopolitics in International Forums

India’s approach to climate change in international forums has evolved significantly, reflecting a shift towards embracing clean energy while balancing geopolitical considerations.

Initially reluctant to commit to emissions reduction, India has transitioned to a more proactive stance in global climate negotiations. This change is evident in various international platforms:

• UNFCCC and Paris Agreement: India moved from emphasizing “common but differentiated responsibilities” to setting ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

• G20 and BRICS: India has increasingly used these forums to advocate for climate finance and technology transfer from developed to developing nations.

• International Solar Alliance (ISA): Launched by India, this initiative demonstrates its leadership in promoting solar energy globally.

India’s focus on clean energy is central to its changing policy:

– Ambitious renewable energy targets: 450 GW by 2030
– National Solar Mission: Aiming for 100 GW solar capacity
– Commitment to achieve 50% energy from renewable sources by 2030

The geopolitical context shapes India’s approach:

1. Balancing development needs with environmental commitments
2. Positioning as a responsible global player while advocating for developing nations’ interests
3. Forging strategic partnerships in clean energy technology (e.g., India-US Clean Energy Agenda)

Recent developments underscore India’s evolving stance:

• Announcement of net-zero emissions target by 2070 (COP26, Glasgow)
• Launch of National Hydrogen Mission
• Active participation in global initiatives like Mission Innovation

India’s policy shift reflects a delicate balance between domestic imperatives and global responsibilities. The country now positions itself as a champion of clean energy while advocating for equity in climate action.

Conclusion: India’s climate policy has evolved to embrace clean energy leadership while navigating complex geopolitical dynamics in international forums.