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SECTION – A

Q.1) a) The application of Artificial Intelligence as a dependable source of input for administrative rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view. 

b) “Ethics encompasses several key dimensions that are crucial in guiding individuals and organizations towards morally responsible behaviour.” Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human actions. Discuss how these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in the professional context.

Q.2) a) “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it.” In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing continuation of number of wars for their own self-interest, all around the world. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today’s international arena to stop continuation of ongoing conflicts?

b) Global warming and climate change are the outcomes of human greed in the name of development, indicating the direction in which extinction of organisms including human beings is heading towards loss of life on Earth. How do you put an end to this to protect life and bring equilibrium between the society and the environment?

Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?

a) “Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it, do not become others.” – Swami Vivekananda

b) “Faith is of no avail in the absence of strength. Faith and strength, both are essential to accomplish any great work.” – Sardar Patel

c) “In law, a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics, he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.” – Immanuel Kant

Q.4) a) “The concept of Just and Unjust is contextual. What was just a year back, may turn out to be unjust in today’s context. Changing context should be constantly under scrutiny to prevent miscarriage of justice.” Examine the above statement with suitable examples.

b) “Mindless addiction to Form, ignoring the Substance of the matter, results in rendering of injustice. A perceptive civil servant is one who ignores such literalness and carries out true intent.” Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.

Q.5) a) “The ‘Code of Conduct’ and ‘Code of Ethics’ are the sources of guidance in public administration. There is code of conduct already in operation, whereas code of ethics is not yet put in place. Suggest a suitable model for code of ethics to maintain integrity, probity and transparency in governance.

b) The soul of the new law, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) is Justice, Equality and Impartiality based on Indian culture and ethos. Discuss this in the light of major shift from a doctrine of punishment to justice in the present judicial system.

Q.6) a) “In Indian culture and value system, an equal opportunity has been provided irrespective of gender identity. The number of women in public service has been steadily increasing over the years.” Examine the gender-specific challenges faced by female public servants and suggest suitable measures to increase their efficiency in discharging their duties and maintaining high standards of probity.

b) Mission Karmayogi is aiming for maintaining a very high standard of conduct and behaviour to ensure efficiency for serving citizens and in turn developing oneself. How will this scheme empower the civil servants in enhancing productive efficiency and delivering the services at the grassroots level?

Section – B

Q.7) There is a technological company named ABC Incorporated which is the second largest worldwide, situated in the Third World. You are the Chief Executive Officer and the majority shareholder of this company. The fast technological improvements have raised worries among environmental activists, regulatory authorities, and the general public over the sustainability of this scenario. You confront substantial issues about the business’s environmental footprint. In 2023, your organization had a significant increase of 48% in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the levels recorded in 2019. The significant rise in energy consumption is mainly due to the surging energy requirements of your data centers, fuelled by the exponential expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI-powered services need much more computational resources and electrical energy compared to conventional online activities, notwithstanding their notable gains. The technology’s proliferation has led to a growing concern over the environmental repercussions, resulting in an increase in warnings.

Al models, especially those used in extensive machine learning and data processing, exhibit much greater energy consumption than conventional computer tasks, with an exponential increase. Although there is already a commitment and goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2030, the challenge of lowering emissions seems overwhelming as the integration of AI continues to increase. To achieve this goal, substantial investments in renewable energy use would be necessary. The difficulty is exacerbated by the competitive environment of the technology sector, where rapid innovation is essential for preserving market standing and shareholders’ worth. To achieve a balance between innovation, profitability and sustainability, a strategic move is necessary that is in line with both, business objectives and ethical obligations.

a) What is your immediate response to the challenges posed in the above case?
b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.
c) Your company has been identified to be penalized by technological giants. What logical and ethical arguments will you put forth to convince about its necessity?
d) Being a conscience being, what measures would you adopt to maintain balance between Al innovation and environmental footprint?

Q.8) Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which needed his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group, was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus they were vulnerable and soft targets.

In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers of DIG Range and above, it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organisation seemed to have the clear objective of utilising/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state.

A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local communal organisations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and to check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions.

Discrete inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet, etc. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of that global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding antinational tweets on their WhatsApp and Facebook, etc. It seemed that they succumbed to their ploy and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government’s nitiatives, policies and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.

a) What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?
b) What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?
c) In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence gathering mechanism of the police force?

Q.9) With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Gove specially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get the real time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordons and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents got a message though his intelligence source that about ten hard core naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviours. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hard core top insurgents with prize money of ten lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation Rohit might have to resort to firing which may lead to valuable loss of lives of civilians and would further complicate the situation.

a) What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation?
b) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit ?
c) Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why?
d) In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters ?

Q.10) Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in-charge of the new super speciality center that the hospitalis building with state-of-the art equipment and world class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned, it is not mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother’s company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favouritism against her and tarnish her image The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers.

a) What should be Sneha’s course of action?
b) How would she justify what she chooses to do?
c) In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?

Q.11) With the summer heat being exceptionally severe this year, the district has been facing severe water shortage. The District Collector has been mobilizing his subordinate officials to conserve the remaining water reserves for preventing the district from plunging into acute drinking water crisis. Along with an awareness campaign for conserving water, strict measures have been taken for stopping the over-exploitation of ground-water. Vigilance teams have been deployed to tour the villages and find the farmers who are drawing water from deep borewells or from the river reservoir for irrigation. The farmers are agitated by such action. A delegation of farmers meets the District Collector with their issues and complains that while they are not being allowed to irrigate their crops, big industries located near the river are drawing huge amounts of water through deep borewells for their industrial processes. The farmers allege that their administration is anti-farmer and corrupt,
being bribed by the industry. The district needs to placate the farmers as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, the District Collector has to deal with the water crisis. The industry cannot be closed as this would result in a large number of workers being unemployed.

a) Discuss all options available to the District Collector as a District Magistrate.
b) What suitable actions can be taken in view of mutually compatible interests of the stakeholders?
c) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas for the District Collector?

Q.12) Dr. Srinivasan is a senior scientist working for a reputed biotechnology company known for its cutting-edge research in pharmaceuticals. Dr. Srinivasan is heading a research team working on a new drug aimed at treating a rapidly spreading variant of a new viral infectious disease. The disease has been rapidly spreading across the world and the cases reported in the country are increasing.
There is huge pressure on Dr. Srinivasan’s team to expedite the trials for the drug as there is significant market for it, and the company wants to get the first-mover advantage in the market.
During a team meeting, some senior team members suggest some shortcut for expediting the clinical trials for the drug and for getting the requisite approvals. These include manipulating data to exclude some negative outcomes and selectively reporting positive results, foregoing the process of informed onsent and using compounds already patented by a rival company, rather than developing one’s own component. Dr. Srinivasan is not comfortable taking such shortcuts, at the same time he realises meeting the targets is impossible without using these means.

a) What would you do in such a situation?
b) Examine your options and consequences in the light of the ethical questions involved.
c) How can data ethics and drug ethics save humanity at large in such a scenario?

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1. Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent this has been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth?

2. What are the causes of persistent high food inflation in India? Comment on the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the RBI to control this type of inflation.

3. What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate.

4. Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India.

5. What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization.

6. What is the technology being employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are its advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transition carry any potential hazards?

7. Industrial pollution of river water is a significant environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this problem and also the government’s initiatives in this regard.

8. What role do environmental NGOs and activists play in influencing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India? Cite four examples with all important details.

9. Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism.

10. Describe the context and salient features of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.

11. Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard?

12. What is the need for expanding the regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN Scheme and its achievements.

13. What are the major challenges faced by Indian irrigation system in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management.

14. Elucidate the importance of buffer stocks for stabilizing agricultural prices in India. What are the challenges associated with the storage of buffer stock? Discuss.

15. The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater. What are the alternative technologies which can solve this crisis? Briefly discuss any three such technologies citing their key merits and demerits.

16. What are asteroids? How real is the threat of them causing extinction of life? What strategies have been developed to prevent such a catastrophe?

17. What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030).

18. Flooding in urban areas is an emerging climate-induced disaster. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major floods in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such floods.

19. India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme.

20. Social media and encrypting messaging services pose a serious security challenge. What measures have been adopted at various levels to address the security implications of social media? Also suggest any other remedies to address the problem.

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1. Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one election” principle. 

2. Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases?

3. “The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy.” Elucidate.

4. “The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.” Comment.

5. Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at local level and bring out the pros and cons merging the rural local bodies with the urban local bodies.

6. Public charitable trusts have the potential to make India’s development more inclusive as they relate to certain vital public issues. Comment.

7. Poverty and malnutrition create a vicious cycle, adversely affecting human capital formation. What steps can be taken to break the cycle?

8. The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss.

9. “The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategic ally to counter China’s political and economic dominance.” Explain this statement with examples.

10. Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics.

11. What are the aims and objects of recently passed and enforced, The Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024? Whether University/State Education Board examinations, too, are covered under the Act?

12. Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A. testing of child in the womb to establish its paternity.

13. What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build the trust between the Centre and the States and for strengthening federalism.

14. Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary?

15. Discuss India as a secular state and compare with the secular principles of the US constitution.

16. The Citizens’ charter has been a landmark initiative in ensuring citizen-centric administration. But it is yet to reach its full potential. Identify the factors hindering the realisation of its promise and suggest measures to overcome them.

17. In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketisation of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level.

18. e-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery process. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance.

19. “Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security.” Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level.

20. Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition?

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1. Underline the changes in the field of society and economy from the Rig Vedic to the later Vedic period.

2. Estimate the contribution of Pallavas of Kanchi for the development of art and literature of South India.

3. What were the events that led to the Quit India Movement? Point out its results.

4. What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones?

5. Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Discuss in the light of conditions in developing countries.

6. What is the phenomenon of ‘cloudbursts’? Explain.

7. What is the concept of a ‘demographic winter’? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate.

8. Distinguish between gender equality, gender equity and women’s empowerment. Why is it important to take gender concerns into account in programme design and implementation?

9. Intercaste marriages between castes which have socio-economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of interreligious marriages. Discuss.

10. In dealing with socio-economic issues of development, what kind of collaboration between government, NGOs and private sector would be most productive?

11. “Though the great Cholas are no more yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture.” Comment.

12. How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power?

13. How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?

14. The groundwater potential of the gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?

15. What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?

16. What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?

17. What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India?

18. Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment.

19. Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family?

20. Critically analyse the proposition that there is a high correlation between India’s cultural diversities and socio-economic marginalities.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 -1200 words each :

SECTION A

1. Forests precede civilizations, and deserts follow them.
2. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.
3. There is no path to happiness; Happiness is the path
4. The doubter is a true man of science.

SECTION B

1. Social media is triggering ‘Fear of Missing Out’ amongst the youth, precipitating depression and loneliness.
2. Nearly all men can stand adversity, but to test the character, give him power.
3. All ideas having large consequences are always simple.
4. The cost of being wrong is less than the cost of doing nothing.

Click on Question to see Model Answer

• If you have two straight sticks of length 7.5 feet and 3.25 feet, what is the minimum length can you measure?
• Let XYZ be a three-digit number, where (x + y + Z) is not a multiple of 3. Then (XYZ + YZX + ZXY) is not divisible by
• How many zeroes are there at the end of the following product? 
• Let p, q, r and s be natural numbers such that p – 2016 = q + 2017 = r-2018 = s + 2019 
• How many five-digit prime numbers can be obtained by using all the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition of digits? 
• In the sum ⊗ + 1 ⊗ + 5 ⊗ + ⊗⊗ + ⊗ 1 = 1 ⊗ ⊗  for which digit does the symbol ⊗ stand?
• A simple mathematical operation in each number of the sequence 14, 18, 20, 24, 30, 32, results in a sequence with respect to prime numbers. Which one of the following is the next number in the sequence? 
• One page is turn from a booklet whose pages are numbered in the usual manner starting from the first page as 1. The sum of the numbers on the remaining pages is 195. The torn page contains which of the following numbers? 
• Let A3BC and DE2F be four-digit numbers where each letter represents a different digit greater than 3. If the sum of the numbers is 15902, then what is the difference between the values of A and D? 
• What is the value of Overall Average marks in Hindi?
• How many integers are there between 1 and 100 which have 4 as a digit but are not divisible by 4? 
• Let x, y be the volumes; m, n be the masses of two metallic cubes P and Q respectively. Each side of Q is two times that of P and mass of Q is two times that of P.
• How many different sums can be formed with the denominations Rs. 50, Rs. 100, Rs. 200, Rs. 500 and Rs. 2,000 taking at least three denominations at a time? 
• For what value of it, the sum of digits in the number (10^n + 1) is 2? 
• A sum of Rs. 2,500 is distributed among X, Y and Z in the ratio 
• What is the remainder when 51 x 27 x 35 x 62 x 75 is divided by 100? 
• What is the least four-digit number when divided by 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves a remainder 2 in each case?
• The recurring decimal representation 1.272727… is equivalent to 
• Consider the following data: For which period was the natural growth rate maximum? 
• What is the largest number among the following? 
• A shop owner offers the following discount options on an article to a customer:
• A person bought a car and sold it for Rs. 3, 00,000. If he incurred a loss of 20%, then how much did he spend to buy the car? 
• How many pairs of natural numbers are there such that the difference of whose squares is 63? 
• A car travels from a place X to place Y at an average speed of v km/hr from y to X at an average speed of 2v km/hr, again from X to y at an average speed of 3v km/hr and again from y to x at an average speed of 4v km/hr. Then the average speed of the car for the entire journey
• As a result of 25% hike in the price of rice per kg, a person is able to purchase 6 kg less rice for Rs. 1,200. What Was the Original price of rice per kg?
• The average score of a batsman after his 50th innings was 46.4. After 60th innings, his average Score increases by 2.6. What was his average score in the last ten innings?
• How many different 5-letter words (with or without meaning) can be constructed using all the letters of the word ‘DELHI’ so that each word has to start with D and end with I?
• The average age of a teacher and three students is 20 years. If all the three students are of same age and the difference between the age of the teacher and each student is 20 years, then what is the age of the teacher?
• Three Statements S1, S2 and S3 are given below followed by a Question:  S1: C is younger than D, but older than A and B.  S2: D is the oldest.  S3: A is older than B. 
• If 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg, then how many cubic millimeters of water will weigh 0.1 gm?
• A digit n > 3 is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 6. Which one of the following is divisible by 4?
• Which one of the following will have minimum change in its value if s is added to both numerator and the denominator of the fractions 2/3, 3/4, 4/5 and 5/6? 
• The letters from A to Z are numbered from 1 to 26 respectively. If GHI = 1578 and DEF = 912, then what is ABC equal to?
• What is the missing term in the following?  ACPQ : BESU:: MNGI: @ 
• In adult Population or a city, 40% men and 30% women are married. What is the percentage of married adult population if no man marries more than one woman and no woman marries more than one man; and there are no widows and widowers? 
• In a class, there are three groups A, B and C. If one student from group A and two students from group B are shifted to group C, then what happens to the average weight of the students of the class? 
• A bottle contains 20 litres of liquid A. 4 litres of liquid A is taken out of it d replaced by same quantity of liquid B. Again 4 litre of the mixture is taken out and replaced by same quantity of liquid B. What is the ratio of quantity of liquid A to that of liquid B in the final mixture? 
• A person can complete 20% of work in 8 days and another person y can complete 25% of the same work in 6 days. If they work together, in how many days will 40% of the work be completed? 
• Consider the following statements: 1. The minimum number of points of intersection of a square and a circle is 2.  2. The maximum number of points of intersection of a square and a circle is 8.  Which of the above statements is/are correct? 
• A man takes half time in rowing a certain distance downstream than upstream. What is the ratio or the speed in still water to the speed of current? 
• A vessel full of water weighs 40 kg. If it is one-third filled, its weight becomes 20 kg. What is the weight of the empty vessel?
• A frog tries to come out of a dried well 4.5 m deep with slippery walls. Every time the frog jumps 30 cm, slides down 15 cm. what is the number of jumps required for the frog to come out of the well? 
• Consider the following arrangement that has some missing letters:
• Two statements S1 and S2 are given below followed by a Question:  S1: There are not more than two figures on any page of a 51-page book.  S2: There is at least one figure on every page. 
• A family of two generations consisting of six members P, Q, R, S, T and U has three males and three females.
• If in a particular year 12th January is a Sunday, then which one of the following is correct? 
• Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below with regard to four numbers P, Q, R and S followed by a Question:  S1: R is greater-than P as well as Q.  S2: S is not the largest one. 
• Q.Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below followed by a Question:  S1: n is a prime number.  S2: n leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4. 
• Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below with regard to two numbers followed by a Question:  S1: Their product is 21.  S2: Their sum is 10. 
• A man walks down the backside of his house straight 25 meters, then turns to the right and walks 50 meters again; then he turns towards left and again walks 25 meters. If his house faces to the East, what is his direction from the starting point? 
• Two Statements are given followed by two Conclusions:  Statements:  All numbers are divisible by 2. All numbers are divisible by 3. 
• Two Statements are given followed by two Conclusions:  Statements:  All cats are dogs. All cats are black. 
• A is 16th from the left end in a row or boys and V is 18th from the right end. Q is 11th from A towards the right and 3rd from V towards the right end. How many boys are there in the row? 
• Consider the following sequence of numbers:  51473985726315863852243496 
• In India, over the last decade or so, labour has been departing agriculture, but is only going to construction and unregistered manufacturing which are not markedly better jobs.
• In India, the current focus on the right to privacy is based on some new realities of the digital age.
• One of the biggest ironies around water is that it comes from rivers and other wetlands.
• Asset allocation is the most important investment decision we will ever make, and sadly, most of us do not give that decision the importance it deserves.
• Although most of the Genetically Modified (GM) crops cultivated now are genetically engineered for a single trait, in future, crops genetically engineered for more than one trait will be the norm.
• Private investment in general is volatile. Foreign private investment is more volatile because the available investment avenues are significantly greater (i.e., the entire world).
• Many opportunities to harness the highly skewed, seasonal and spatial distribution of monsoon flows, which occur in a four-month period from June to September annually, have been lost.
• People will invest in education whenever they are granted the economic freedom to fully enjoy benefits.
• In India, authorities always look to store the maximum amount of water in reservoirs during the monsoon season, which is then used for irrigation and generation of electricity during the summer months.
• The pulse variety ‘Pusa Arhar 16′ has the potential to be grown in the paddy-growing of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and eventually in all of India.
• India is at once among the fastest growing global economies and home to the largest number of malnourished children in the world.
• Spanish ships in the late 16th century first brought the potato tuber from South America to Europe whereby in the early 19th century, it bad become a reliable backup to cereal crops, particularly in the cold, rain-soaked soils of Ireland.
• In India, agriculture still engages about half of workforce, and about 85 per cent of its farms mall and marginal.
• Our urban bodies cannot possibly ensure sustainable delivery of water in our cities unless financing mechanisms are put in place.
• In Part III of the constitution which assures people certain fundamental rights,
• Many people understand the connection n solid waste management and health in terms of the consequences of unattended heaps of garbage which become home for flies and other Vermin.
• Genome editing is different from genome modification.
• India has tremendous potential for solar energy. We all realize that we have to stop burning fossil fuels to meet our energy needs.
• Bank credit to the industrial sector has started shrinking. Its decline has been a serious concern as credit growth is essential to revive investment.
• Q. Economic liberalization in India was shaped largely by the economic problems of the government than by the economic priorities of the people or by the long-term development objectives.

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• With reference to carbon nanotubes, consider the following statements:
• What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India?
• Consider the following statements: Genetic changes can be introduced in the cells that produce eggs or sperms of a prospective parent.
• The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to
• At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using drones?
• Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells?
• In India, the term “Public Key Infrastructure” is used in the context of
• Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution?
• If you withdraw ₹1,00,000 in cash from your Demand Deposit Account at your bank, the immediate effect on aggregate money supply in the economy will be
• If another global financial crisis happens in the near future, which of the following actions/policies are most likely to give some immunity to India?
• With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Trumult is the description of which of the following events?
• Wellesley established the Fort William College Calcutta because
• Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of
• In the context of Indian history, the Rakhmabai case of 1884 revolved around
• With reference to the cultural history of India, which one of the following is the correct description of the term ‘paramitas’?
• With reference to “Blockchain Technology”, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct?
• With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?
• In the context of recent advances of human reproductive technology, “Pronuclear Transfer” is used for
• With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the following statements:
• In the context of India, which one of the following is the characteristic appropriate for bureaucracy?
• One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is
• Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India defines its ‘basic structure’ in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy. 2. The Constitution of India provides for ‘judicial review’ to safeguard the citizens’ liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based.
• A Parliamentary System of Government is one in which
• Which part of the Constitution of India declares the ideal of Welfare State?
• Consider the following statements: 1.The President of India can summon a session of the Parliament at such a place as he/she thinks fit.
• Consider the following statements: 1.According to the Constitution of India, a person who is eligible to vote can be made a minister in a State for six months even if he/she is not a member of the Legislature of that State.
• With reference to the provisions contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India, which of the following statements is/are correct
• “Gold Tranche” (Reserve Tranche) refers to
• The Preamble to the Constitution of India is
• In India, separation of judiciary from the executive is enjoined by
• Which one of the following categories of Fundamental Rights incorporates protection against untouchability as a form of discrimination?
• With reference to the funds under Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), which of the following statements are correct?
• Rajya Sabha has equal powers with Lok Sabha in
• Consider the following statements: 1. Aadhaar metadata cannot be stored for more than three months.
• Consider the following pairs: International Agreement/set-up – Subject
• In India, Legal Services Authorities provide free legal services to which of the following type of citizens?
• Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?
• A constitutional government by definition is a
• Along with the Budget, the Finance Minister also places other documents before the Parliament which include ‘The Macro Economic Framework Statement’. The aforesaid document is presented because this is mandated by
• Which of the following phrases defines the nature of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the sources of the post-Harsha period?
• Consider the following events in the history of India: 1.Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja
• Which of the following statements correctly explains the impact of the Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century?
• With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements:
• With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs: 1. Aurang — In-charge of treasury of the State
• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following?
• With reference to the book ‘Desher Katha’ written by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar during the freedom struggle, consider the following statements:
• Who among the following rulers advised his subjects through this inscription? “Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames other sects out of excessive devotion to his own sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures his own sect very severely.”
• With reference to the history of India, the terms ‘kulyavapa’ and ‘dronavapa’ denote
• The Vital-Vidhvansak, the first monthly journal to have the untouchable people as its target audience was published by
• With reference to India’s Desert National Park, which of the following statements are correct?
• With reference to chemical fertilizers in India, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct?
• Consider the following minerals: 1.Bentonite 2.Chromite 3.Kyanite  4.Sillimanite In India  which of the above is/are officially designated as major minerals?
• What are the advantages of fertigation in agriculture?
• Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only.
• Consider the following statements: 1. 36% of India’s districts are classified as ‘overexploited’ or ‘critical’ by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).
• With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs: Famous Place – Present State
• Q.Siachen Glacier is situated to the
• If a particular plant species is placed under Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, what is the implication?
• With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty in ancient India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and Chaul were known as
• What is/are the advantage/advantages of zero tillage in agriculture?
• According to India’s National Policy on Biofuels, which of the following can be used as raw materials for the production of biofuels?
• Which of the following statements best describes the term ‘Social Cost of Carbon’?
• With reference to pulse production in India, consider the following statements:
• “The crop is subtropical in nature. A hard frost is injurious to it. It requires at least 210 frost-free days and 50 to 100 centimeters of rainfall for its growth. A light well-drained soil capable of retaining moisture is ideally suited for the cultivation of the crop.” Which one of the following is that crop?
• With reference to solar water pumps, consider the following statements:
• With reference to the current trends in the cultivation of sugarcane in India, consider the following statements:
• In the context of India, which of the following is/are considered to be practice(s) of eco-friendly agriculture?
• In India, which of the following can be considered as public investment agriculture?
• What is the importance of the term “Interest Coverage Ratio” of a firm in India?
• Which of the following factors/policies were affecting the price of rice in India in the recent past?
• Consider the following statements: 1.The value of Indo-Sri Lanka trade has consistently increased in the last decade.
• In which one of the following groups are all the four countries members of G20?
• Under the Kisan credit card scheme, short-term credit support is given to farmers for which of the following purposes?
• Consider the following statements: 1.The weightage of food in Consumer Price Index (CPI) is higher than that in Wholesale Price Index (WPI).
• Consider the following pairs: River – Flows into
• Consider the following statements: 1.In the case of all cereals, pulses and oil-seeds, the procurement at Minimum Support Price (MSP) is unlimited in any State/UT of India.
• With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1.‘Commercial Paper’ is a short-term unsecured promissory note.
• With reference to Foreign Direct Investment in India, which one of the following is considered its major characteristic?
• With reference to the international trade of India at present, which of the following statements is/are correct?
• The term ‘West Texas Intermediate’, sometimes found in news, refers to a grade of
• In the context of the Indian economy, non-financial debt includes which of the following?
• In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under “IAEA safeguards” while others are not ?
• With reference to Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS), which of the following statements is/are correct?
• If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it not do?
• With reference to the Indian economy after the 1991 economic liberalization, consider the following statements:
• Consider the following statements: 1.In terms of short-term credit delivery to the agriculture sector, District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) deliver more credit in comparison to Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks.
• In India, under cyber insurance for individuals, which of the following benefits are generally covered, in addition to payment for the loss of funds and other benefits?
• With reference to the cultural history of India, consider the following pairs: 1. Parivrajaka — Renunciant and Wanderer  2. Shramana — Priest with a high status  3. Upasaka — Lay follower of Buddhism
• With reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements:
• Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin?
• With reference to India’s biodiversity, Ceylon frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet, Gray-chinned miniyet and White-throated redstart are
• Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous?
• Steel slag can be the material for which of the following?
• Which of the following are the most likely places to find the musk deer in its natural habitat?
• In rural road construction, the use of which of the following is preferred for ensuring environmental sustainability or to reduce carbon footprint?
• Consider the following statements: 1.Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury.
• What is the use of biochar in farming?

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• How many seconds in total are there in x weeks, x days, x hours, x minutes and x seconds?
• The letters A, B, C, D and E are arranged in such a way that there are exactly two letters between A and E. How many such arrangements are possible?
• A has some coins. He gives half of the coins and 2 more to B. B gives half of the coins and 2 more to C. C gives half of the coins and 2 more to D. The number of coins D has now, is the smallest two- digit number. How many coins does A have in the beginning?
• A, B and C are three places such that there are three different roads from A to B, four different roads from B to C and three different roads from A to C. In how many different ways can one travel from A to C using these roads?
• On one side of a 1.01 km long road, 101 plants are planted at equal distance from each other. What is the total distance between 5 consecutive plants?
• X and Y run a 3 km race along a circular course of length 300 m. Their speeds are in the ratio 3:2. If they start together in the same direction, how many times would the first one pass the other (the start-off is not counted as passing)?
• The increase in the price of a certain item was 25%. Then the price was decreased by 20% and then again increased by 10%. What is the resultant increase in the price?
• Consider the Question and two Statements given below: Question: Is x an integer? Statement-1: x/3 is not an integer. Statement-2: 3x is an integer.
• How many 3-digit natural numbers (without repetition of digits) are there such that each digit is odd and the number is divisible by 5?
• In a tournament of Chess having 150 entrants, a player is eliminated whenever he loses a match. It is given that no match results in a tie/draw. How many matches are played in the entire tournament?
• If 15X14X13x…….X3X2X1=3mXn where m and n are positive integers, then what is the maximum value of m?
• The digits 1 to 9 are arranged in three rows in such a way that each row contains three digits, and the number formed in the second row is twice the number formed in the first row; and the number formed in the third row is thrice the number formed in the first row.
• Which number amongst 2^40, 3^21, 4^18 and 8^12 is the smallest?
• A bill for Rs. 1,840 is paid in the denominations of Rs. 50, Rs. 20 and Rs.10 notes. 50 notes in all are used. Consider the following statements:
• An Identity Card has the number ABCDEFG, not necessarily in that order, where each letter represents a distinct digit (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8. 9 only). The number is divisible by 9. After deleting the first digit from the right, the resulting number is divisible by 6. After deleting two digits from the right of original number, the resulting number is divisible by 5.
• The average weight of A, B, C is 40 kg, the average weight of B, D, E is 42 kg and the weight of F is equal to that of B What is the average weight of A, B, C, D, E and F?
• What is the number of numbers of the form 0.XY, where X and Y are distinct non-zero digits?
• The sum of three consecutive integers is equal to their product- How many such possibilities are there?
• There are 9 cups placed on a table arranged in equal number of rows and columns out of which 6 cups contain coffee and 3 cups contain tea. In how many ways can they be arranged so that each row should contain at least one cup of coffee?
• One non-zero digit, one vowel and one consonant from English alphabet (in capital) are to be used in forming passwords, such that each password has to start with a vowel and end with a consonant. How many such passwords can be generated?
• Let A, B and C represent distinct non- zero digits. Suppose x is the sum of all possible 3-digit numbers formed by A, B and C without repetition.
• A pie chart gives the expenditure on five different items A, B, C, D and. E in a household. If B, C, D and E correspond to 90°, 50°, 45° and 75° respectively, then what is the percentage of expenditure on item A?
• Consider the following statements in respect of two natural numbers p and q such that p is a prime number and q is a composite number:
• What is the smallest number greater than 1000 that when divided by any one of the numbers 6, 9. 12, 15, 18 leaves a remainder of 3?
• Let p be a two-digit number and q be the number consisting of same digits written in reverse order. If p × q = 2430, then what is the difference between p and q?
• Five friends P, Q, X, Y and Z purchased some notebooks. The relevant information is given below:
• When 70% of a number x is added to another number y, the sum becomes 165% of the value of y. When 60% of the number x is added to another number z, then the sum becomes 165% of the value of z. Which one of the following is correct?
• What is the remainder when 91 × 92× 93 ×94 ×95 ×96 ×97 ×98 ×99 is divided by 1261?
• There are eight equidistant points on a circle. How many right-angled triangles can be drawn sing these points as vertices and taking the diameter as one side of the triangle?
• There is a numeric lock which has a 3-digit PIN. The PIN contains digits 1 to 7. There is no repetition of digits. The digits in the PIN from left to right are in decreasing order. Any two digits in the PIN differ by at least 2. How many maximum attempts does one need to find out the PIN with certainty?
• Question: Is Z brother of X?
• Statement-1 : Some doctors are teachers. Statement-2 : All teachers are engineers Statement-3 : All engineers are scientists.
• Consider the Question and two Statements given below in respect of three cities P, Q and R in a State:
• Statement-1 : All pens are books. Statement-2 : No chair is a pen.
• P, Q, R, S, T and U are six members of a family. R is the spouse of Q. U is the mother of T and S is the daughter of U. P’s daughter is T and R’s son is P. There are two couples in the family.
• Two friends X and Y start running and they run together for 50 m in the same direction and reach a point. X turns right and runs 60 m, while Y turns left and runs 40 m. Then X turns left and runs 50 m and stops, while Y .turns right and runs 50 m and then stops. How far are the two friends from each other now?
• What is the value of X in the sequence 20, 10, 10, 15, 30, 75, X?
• If the order of the letters in the English alphabet is reversed and each letter represents the letter whose position it occupies, then which one of the following represents ‘LUCKNOW?
• Three persons A, B and C are standing in a queue not necessarily in the same order. There are 4 persons between A and B, and 7 persons between B and C If there are 11 persons ahead of C and 13 behind A, what could be the minimum number of persons in the queue?
• In the series AABABCABCDABCDE.., which letter appears at the 100th place?
• Which date of June 2099 among the following is Sunday?
• What is the value of X in the sequence 2, 12, 36, 80, 150, X?
• There are two containers X and Y. X contains 100 ml of milk and y contains 100 ml of water. 20 ml of milk from X is transferred to Y. After mixing well, 20 ml of the mixture in y is transferred back to X. If m denotes the proportion of milk in X and n denotes the proportion of water in Y, then which one of the following is correct?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Between 3:16 p.m. and 3:17 p.m., both hour hand and minute hand coincide. 2. Between 4:58 p.m. and 4:59 p.m., both minute hand and second hand coincide.
• Two candidates X and Y contested an election. 80% of voters cast their vote and there were no invalid votes. There was no NOTA (None of the above) option. X got 56% of the votes cast and won by 1440 votes. What is the total number of voters in the voters list?
• Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting equidistant from each other around a circular table (facing the centre of the table).
• A person X wants to distribute some pens among six children A, B, C, D, E and F. Suppose A gets twice the number of pens received by B, three times that of C, four times that of D, five times that of E and six times that of F.
• A man started from home at 14:30 hours and drove to village, arriving there when the village clock indicated 15:15 hours. After staying for 25 minutes, he drove back by a different route of length 1.25 times the first route at a rate twice as fast reaching home at 16:00 hours. As compared to the clock at home, the village clock is
• Consider the following statements in respect of a rectangular sheet of length 20 cm and breadth 8 cm:
• 24 men and 12 women can do a piece of work in 30 days. In how many days can 12 men and 24 women do the same piece of work?
• Six lectures A, B, C, D, E and F, each of one hour duration, are scheduled between 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.
• Question: What is the age of Manisha?
• To encourage research is one of the functions of a university.
• Unless the forces and tendencies which are responsible for destroying the country’s environment are checked in the near future and afforestation of denuded areas is taken up on a massive scale, the harshness of the climatic conditions and soil erosion by wind and water will increase to such an extent that agriculture, which is the mainstay of our people, will gradually become impossible.
• The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns.
• The poverty line is quite unsatisfactory when it comes to grasping the extent of poverty in India.
• In simple matters like shoe-making, we think only a specially trained person will serve our purpose, but in politics, we presume that everyone who knows how to get votes knows how to administer a State.
• With steady economic growth, higher literacy and increasing skill levels, the number of Indian middle-class families has gone up exponentially.
• Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth.
• In some places in the world, the productivity of staples such as rice and wheat has reached a plateau.
• The demographic dividend, which has begun in India and is expected to last another few decades, is a great window of opportunity.
• For two or three generations past, ever- increasing numbers of individuals have been living as workers merely, not as human beings.
• If presents bring less thrill now that we are grown up, perhaps it is because we have too much already; or perhaps it is because we have lost the fullness of the joy of giving, and with it the fullness of the joy of receiving.
• In an economic organization, allowing mankind to benefit by the productivity of machines should lead to a very good life of leisure, and much leisure is apt to be tedious except to those who have intelligent activities and interests. If a leisured population is to be happy, it must be an educated population. and must be educated with a view to enjoyment as well as to the direct usefulness of technical knowledge.
• The social order is a sacred right which is the basis of all other rights. Nevertheless, this right does not come from nature, and must therefore be founded on conventions.
• The majority of people who fail to accumulate money sufficient for their needs, are generally, easily influenced by the opinions of others.
• How best can the problems of floods and droughts be addressed so that the losses are minimal and the system becomes resilient?

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• “Rapid Financing Instrument” and “Rapid Credit Facility” are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following?
• With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of rupee.
• With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities.
• With reference to the “G20 Common Framework”, consider the following statements:
• With reference to the Indian economy, what are the advantages of “Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)”?
• With reference to foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India
• Which of the following activities constitute real sector in the economy?
• Which one of the following situations best reflects “Indirect Transfers” often talked about in media recently with reference to India?
• With reference to the expenditure made by an organisation or a company, which of the following statements is/are correct?
• With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. A share of the household financial savings goes towards government borrowings.
• Consider the following statements: 1. Pursuant to the report of H.N. Sanyal Committee, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 was passed.
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1. Government law officers and legal firms are recognised as advocates, but corporate lawyers and patent attorneys are excluded from recognition as advocates.
• Consider the following statements: 1. A bill amending the Constitution requires a prior recommendation of the Président of India.
• Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India classifies the ministers into four ranks viz. Cabinet Minister, Minister of State with Independent Charge, Minister of State and Deputy Minister.
• Which of the following is/are the exclusive power(s) of Lok Sabha?
• With reference to anti-defection law in India
• Consider the following statements: 1. Attorney General of India and Solicitor General of India are the only officers of the Government who are allowed to participate in the meetings of the Parliament of India.
• With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, consider the following statements:
• Among the following crops, which one is the most important anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide?
• “System of Rice Intensification” of cultivation, in which alternate wetting and drying of rice fields is practised, results in:
• Which one of the following lakes of West Africa has become dry and turned into a desert?
• Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers?
• Q- Consider the following pairs: Peak – Mountains 1. Namcha Barwa – Garhwal Himalaya 2. Nanda Devi – Kumaon Himalaya 3. Nokrek – Sikkim Himalaya
• The term “Levant” often heard in the news roughly corresponds to which of the following regions?
• Consider the following countries: 1. Azerbaijan 2. Kyrgyzstan 3. Tajikistan 4. Turkmenistan 5. Uzbekstan Which of the above have borders with Afghanistan?
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1. Monazite is a source of rare earths.
• In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the :
• Consider the following pairs: Wetland/Lake Location 1. Hokera Wetland – Punjab 2. Renuka Wetland – Himachal Pradesh 3. Rudrasagar Lake – Tripura 4. Sasthamkotta Lake – Tamil Nadu
• Consider the following: 1. Aarogya Setu 2. COWIN 3. DigiLocker 4. DIKSHA Which of the above are built on to open-source digital platforms?
• With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements:
• With reference to “Software as a Service (SaaS)”, consider the following statements:
• Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in media?
• Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned?
• Which of the above are considered communication Short-Range devices/technologies?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues.
• Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:
• In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements:
• If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?
• “Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a:
• Consider the following statements: 1. “The Climate Group” is an international non-profit organization that drives climate action by building large networks and runs them.
• “If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys.” Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement?
• In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements:
• With reference to “Gucchi” sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements:
• With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements:
• Which of the following is not a bird? a) Golden Mahseer
• Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants?
• “Biorock technology” is talked about in which one of the following situations?
• The “Miyawaki method” is well known for the:
• In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into “Reserved” and “Transferred” subjects. Which of the following were treated as “Reserved” subjects?
• In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to:
• Consider the following freedom fighters: 1. Barindra Kumar Ghosh 2. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee 3. Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party?
• With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts: 1. Nettipakarana 2. Parishishtaparvan 3. Avadanashataka 4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana Which of the above are Jaina texts?
• With reference to Indian history, consider the following pairs: Historical person – Known as 1. Aryadeva – Jaina scholar 2. Dignaga – Buddhist scholar 3. Nathamuni – Vaishnava scholar
• With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: 1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji.
• With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as “Kulah-Daran”?
• With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: 1. The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
• According to Kautilya’s Arthashastra, which of the following are correct?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Tight monetary policy of the US Federal Reserve could lead to capital flight.
• Consider the following States: 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Kerala 3. Himachal Pradesh 4. Tripura How many of the above are generally known as tea-producing States?
• Consider the following statements: 1. In India credit rating agencies are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India.
• With reference to the ‘Banks Board Bureau (BBB) which of the following statements are correct?
• With reference to Convertible Bonds, consider the following statements:
• Consider the following: 1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2. Missile Technology Control Regime 3. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Indian is a member of which of the above?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Vietnam has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world in recent years. 2. Vietnam is led by a multi-party political system.
• In India which one of the following is responsible for maintaining for prices stability by controlling inflation?
• With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements:
• Consider the following pairs: Reservoirs – States 1. Ghataprabha – Telangana 2. Ghandhi Sagar – Madhya Pradesh 3. Indira Sagar – Andhra Pradesh 4. Maithon – Chhattisgarh
• In India, which one of the following Compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments and lay-offs in factories employing workers?
• In India, what is the role of the Coal Controller’s Organization (CCO)?
• If a Particular area is brought unde the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which one of the following statement best reflects the consequence of it?
• Consider the following statements 1. The India Sanitation Coalition is a platform to promote sustainable sanitation and is funded by the Government of India and the World Health Organization.
• Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
• With Reference to the “United Nations Credentials Committee”, consider the following statements:
• Which one of the following statements best describes the ‘Polar Code’?
• With reference to the United Nations General Assembly, consider the following statements :
• With reference to the “Tea Board” in India, consider the following statements:
• Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing”?
• Consider the following statements : 1. High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth.
• Consider the following statements: 1. Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north-western Kenya.
• Which of the above are members of the Organization of Turkic States?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Gujarat has the largest solar park in India.
• With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements:
• Which one of the following statements best reflects the issue with Senkaku Islands, sometimes mentioned in the news?
• Consider the following pairs: Country – Important reason for being in the news recently 1. Chad – Setting up of permanent military base by China
• Consider the following pairs: Region often mentioned in the news – Country 1. Anatolia – Turkey 2. Amhara – Ethiopia 3. Cabo Delgado – Spain 4. Catalonia – Italy
• With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements:
• Certain species of which one of the following organisms are well known as cultivators of fungi?
• Consider the following pairs: Site of Ashoka’s major rock edicts – Location in the State of 1. Dhauli – Odisha 2. Erragudi – Andhra Pradesh 3. Jaugada – Madhya Pradesh 4. Kalsi – Karnataka
• Consider the following pairs: King – Dynasty 1. Nanuka Chandela 2. Jayashakti Parmara 3. Nagabhata II Gurjara-Pratihara 4. Bhoja Rashtrakuta
• Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
• “Yogavasistha” was translated into Persian by Nizamuddin Panipati during the reign of:
• The world’s second tallest statue in sitting pose of Ramanuja was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India at Hyderabad recently. Which one of the following statements correctly represents the teachings of Ramanuja?
• The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new Circuit House near Somanath Temple at Verval. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple?
• Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body?
• Consider the following statements: 1. Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature. 2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.
• DNA Barcoding can be a tool to:
• Excess of which of the above in the environment is/are cause(s) of acid rain?

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• In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located?
• With reference to the history of ancient India, Bhavabhuti, Hastimalla and Kshemeshvara were famous
• Which one of the following ancient towns is well-known for its elaborate system of water harvesting and management by building a series of dams and channelizing water into connected reservoirs?
• From the decline of Guptas until the rise of Harshavardhana in the early seventh century, which of the following kingdoms were holding power in Northern India?
• With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1.Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
• Consider the following animals: 1.Hedgehog 2.Marmot  3.Pangolin  To reduce the chance of being captured by predators, which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/ protects its/their vulnerable parts?
• Which one of the following is a filter feeder?
• Which of the following are detritivores?
• Consider the following pairs: Historical Place Well-known for 1. Burzahom Rock-cut shrines   2. Chandraketugarh Terracotta art   3. Ganeshwar Copper artefacts
• In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil?
• Which one of the following is used in preparing a natural mosquito repellent?
• Consider the following kinds of organisms: 1.Copepods 2.Cyanobacteria  3.Diatoms  4.Foraminifera  Which of the above are primary producers in the food chains of oceans?
• Consider the following statements: 1.Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 2.Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia.
• Consider the following: 1.Bacteria 2.Fungi  3.Virus  Which of the above can be cultured in an artificial/synthetic medium?
• With reference to ‘palm oil’, consider the following statements:
• With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccines’, consider the following statements:
• Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of
• Consider the following statements: 1. Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
• How is permaculture farming different from conventional chemical farming?
• Consider the following statements: 1.In the tropical zone, the western sections of the oceans are warmer than the eastern sections owing to the influence of trade winds.
• With reference to the ‘New York Declaration on Forests’, which of the following statements are correct?
• Consider the following statements: Other things remaining unchanged, market demand for a good might increase if
• The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, supported by UNEP, has been developed for
• Which one of the following statements is correct? a) Ajanta Caves lie in the gorge of Waghora river.
• With reference to Chausath Yogini Temple situated near Morena, consider the following statements:
• With reference to India, the terms ‘HaIbi, Ho and Kui’ pertain to
• Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards:
• Consider the following statements: Statement 1: The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as 2020 Tree City of the World.
• Consider the following statements in respect of the Laureus World Sports Award which was instituted in the year 2000:
• Consider the following statements in respect of the 32nd Summer Olympics:
• Consider the following statements in respect of the ICC World Test Championship:
• Who among the following was associated as Secretary with Hindu Female School which later came to be known as Bethune Female School?
• Indian Government Bond Yields are influenced by which of the following?
• Consider the following: 1. Foreign currency convertible bonds 2. Foreign institutional investment with certain conditions
• Consider the following statements: The effect of devaluation of a currency is that it necessarily
• Which one of the following effects of creation of black money in India has been the main cause of worry to the Government of India?
• With reference to casual workers employed in India, consider the following statements:
• With reference to furnace oil, consider the following statements:
• ‘R2 Code of Practices’ constitutes a tool available for promoting the adoption of
• In a pressure cooker, the temperature at which the food is cooked depends mainly upon which of the following?
• With reference to street lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?
• The term ‘ACE2’ is talked about in the context of
• Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics?
• ‘Triclosan’, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
• Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1.Retail investors through demat account can invest in ‘Treasury Bills’ and ‘Government of India Debt Bonds’ in primary market.
• Consider the following statements: 1.The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21.
• Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants?
• What is blue carbon?
• Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems, are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?
• Which of the following have species that can establish a symbiotic relationship with other organisms?
• The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions. Which of the following are such conditions.
• With reference to the water on the planet Earth, consider the following statements:
• In the context of India’s preparation for Climate -Smart Agriculture, consider the following statements:
• “Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy vicariously, by climbing the trees or growing as epiphytes, rooted on the upper branches of trees.” This is the most likely description of
• Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid because
• Which one of the following in Indian polity is an essential feature that indicates that it is federal in character?
• With reference to ‘Water Credit’, consider the following statements:
• Which among the following steps is most likely to be taken at the time of an economic recession?
• With reference to ‘Urban Cooperative Banks’ in India, consider the following statements:
• Consider the following statements: 1.The Global Ocean Commission grants licences for seabed exploration and mining in international waters.
• In case of which one of the following biogeochemical cycles, the weathering of rocks is the main source of release of nutrients to enter the cycle?
• The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of
• What was the exact constitutional status of India on 26th January, 1950?
• In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements:
• With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1.The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
• With reference to India, Didwana, Kuchaman, Sargol and Khatu are the names of
• With reference to 8th August, 1942 in Indian history, which one of the following statements is correct?
• Consider the following statements: 1.21st February is declared to be the International Mother Language Day by UNICEF.
• At the national level, which ministry is the nodal agency to ensure effective implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
• A legislation that confers on the executive or administrative authority an unguided and uncontrolled discretionary power in the matter of the application of law violates which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India?
• With reference to medieval India, which one of the following is the correct sequence in ascending order in terms of size? a) Paragana – Sarkar – Suba
• According to Portuguese writer Nuniz, the women in the Vijayanagara Empire were experts in which of the following areas?
• Consider the following statements: 1.It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince.
• In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon are remembered as
• In India, the central bank’s function as the ‘lender of last resort’ usually refers to which of the following?
• Consider the following statements: 1.The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government.
• The money multiplier in an economy increases with which one of the following?
• With reference to Indian economy, demand-pull inflation can be caused/increased by which of the following?
• Which one of the following is likely to be the most inflationary in its effect?
• Who among the following is associated with ‘Songs from Prison’, a translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics in English?
• With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, which one of the following statements is correct?
• Consider the following statements: 1.St. Francis Xavier was one of the founding members of the Jesuit Order.
• Among the following, which one is the least water-efficient crop? a) Sugarcane
• Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates
• What is the position of the Right to Property in India?
• Constitutional government means
• Consider the following statements:   1.‘Right to the City’ is an agreed human right and the UN-Habitat monitors the commitments made by each country in this regard.
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1.Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such accused is locked up in a police station, not in jail.
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1.When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
• Which one of the following best defines the term ‘State’?
• With reference to the Indian judiciary, consider the following statements: 1.Any retired judge of the Supreme Court of India can be called back to sit and act as a Supreme Court judge by the Chief Justice of India with the prior permission of the President of India.
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1.There is only one citizenship and one domicile.
• Which one of the following factors constitutes the best safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy?
• We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model differ from that model?
• With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements: 1.N. Gopalaswamy Iyengar Committee suggested that a minister and a secretary be designated solely for pursuing the subject of administrative reform and promoting it.
• ‘Right to Privacy’ is protected under which Article of the Constitution of India?
• Consider the following statements: 1.In India, there is no law restricting the candidates from contesting in one Lok Sabha election from three constituencies.
• With reference to the Indus river system, of the following four rivers, three of them pour into one of them which joins the Indus directly. Among the following, which one is such a river that joins the Indus direct?
• Consider the following rivers:   1.Brahmani  2.Nagavali  3.Subarnarekha  4.Vamsadhara  Which of the above rise from the Eastern Ghats?
• In a pressure cooker, the temperature at which the food is cooked depends mainly upon which of the following?
• With reference to street lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?
• The term ‘ACE2’ is talked about in the context of
• Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics?
• ‘Triclosan’, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
• Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?
• With reference to India, consider the following statements: 1.Retail investors through demat account can invest in ‘Treasury Bills’ and ‘Government of India Debt Bonds’ in primary market.
• Consider the following statements: 1.The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21.